Saturday, August 8, 2009

Why is it dangerous to stop taking meds for diabetes?


Answer:
There's no trick to it. If you stop taking your medications for diabetes, your sugar will most likely go out of control, and it may go very high indeed. In many diabetics (type 2) this will have few immediate consequences as long as you are eating and drinking well, but will dramatically increase the risk for complications of the disease later on (kidney disease, heart disease, blindness, neuropathy, poor wound healing, possible limb loss, etc.)
In type I diabetics however, there can be more immediate consequences. Without any insulin, these patients may go into DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis) which can lead to coma and death if not treated.
Because it can make your sugar levels rise to a dangerous level . Uncontrolled diabetes can cause blindness, kidney damage, nerve damage, and sexual dysfunction just to name a few. Please don't stop taking your medication. See you physician to discuss options to make medication taking easier as well as untoward effects of stopping.
You blood sugar levels will rise, your body will not be able to cope with the levels and then you will go into a coma. your body will also become toxic when it starts trying to get energy it needs (but cannot extract from the blood) from digesting muscle. Ketoacidosis can be fatal.
I stoped taking my medicine and i got so sick i woke up one morning and just puked. my sugar was in the 600's
Your Gluecose levels will go out of control and you could go into a diabetic coma and die!
Because in both a Type I and Type II Diabetic, the pancreas does not function properly. Medication is the key to producing insulin. Without it, your blood sugars will get all out of whack, and can create a whole mess of problems.
your glucose could very high or very low .. this could make u in coma... and dead!
Check site below..

Why is it becoming increasingly important to immunise the human population against diseases as tuberculosis?


Answer:
Diseases such as tuberculosis (TB) are communicable diseases, they are infectious. And they spread easily.As globalization occurs, more and more people cross borders every single day, and a single infected person could cause an international epidemic. As it is, even with TB immunizations so readily available, TB is still one of the top 3 killers (single agent) worldwide, killing 1.6 million people in 2002. Over 1/3 of the people in the world today have TB bacterium, and some do not even know it, and because they are spread so easily (by a single aerosol droplet which could be spread through talking or kissing) infections occur at a rate of one per second!An ounce of prevention is always better than a pound of cure.P.S. To answer to the guy above me, while it is true there is no known effective vaccine for adults, there are for children!
The tuberculosis vaccine has never been more than approximately 50% effective. It is not used in the US because it gives false positives on the PPD skin test.
There is an increased incidence in the US because of migration - mostly form Mexico, where the disease is very common. TB is a very underrated disease. It' one of the most common causes of death worldwide. There haven't been new medications develloped in the past 40 years, and there are new resistant strains that are becoming common.The vaccine is useful to prevent a few cases of disease, but more importantly, to prevent severe disease in the very young and the very old - in this it is effective, and widely used worldwide. It's not used in the US because it interferes with the skin test that's used to quickly diagnose TB.

Why is is that gay people are more susceptible to aids?

Dumb question, I know, but why is it that gay people contract aids more often than straight people?
Answer:
actually gay people don't contract aids more often then straight people anymore. but in the early 80,s when this stereotype came about this was true there are a few reasons for this. 1 the first case of aids in America was traced back to a single airline steward who was gay and visited various bath houses all over the U.S. (bath houses were a place where gay men practiced open promiscuity).
2 it is easier to contract aids through anal sex because of tearing and blood (blood being the primary way to pass HIV).
however, since the 80, bathhouses have become illegal and gay men for the most part have become educated on prevention of and protection from HIV. in fact many gay men have led the fight against HIV in this country
Gay people are often more sexually promiscuous than straight people, and protection is used less frequently because there's no risk of pregnancy.
That isn't true.HIV does not distinguish people by groups. Its a virus. Like any virus it is transmitted in certain ways.HIV is spread through ignorance.HIV can easily be controlled. It is the direct result of human behaviour that allows this virus to kill millions of us.The problem is fools who continue to infect others once they have the misfortune of being infected. Gay or not, they are engaging in criminal behaviour and with prior knowledge.I couldn't infect you with ebola. I couldn't infect you with ebola intentionally or unintentionally. No one has the right to infect you or me.No one has an excuse to hide behind chessy explanations for bringing harm to a fellow citizens.Spreading HIV is criminal behaviour and needs to be addressed.
i have also heard that the anal sex many gays engage in is a much easier portal of entry for the virus right into the receivers blood system.
We are not more susceptible to contracting HIV.

Why is interferon used in the fight against infections diseases such as hiv?


Answer:
Is not used anymore for HIV. It's a natural antiviral, your body produces it all the time when you have a viral infection. It's used in other infections as in hepatitis C.
PS: Il-2 (interleukin 2) it is used in investigational trials to increase the production of cd4's. This is not interferon, though. Both are cytokynes (compounds produced by the lymphocytes as a response to an antigen as a virus) but they have different uses. Interleukin -2 has been showed to actually increase the CD4's, but unfortunatelly no study shiwed yet that those CD4 are more effective in delivering immunity (as somebody who uses testosterone would have big muscles but will not be stronger- that's just an example-).
So again, interferon is the most useful substance against Hep C nowadays, in HIV positive patients is used alone (without ribavirin because of the interaction with the meds). It is a natural substance in our bodies but the one that is given extra is recombinant ( meaning a scientist copies the human substance and puts it in a bottle)
Hi there,Interferons, especially Interleukin-2 (Proleukin) is only approved for the treatment of certain types of cancer. It is still considered an experimental drug for HIV-related therapy and it has not yet been evaluated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in people living with the virus.Unlike drugs currently used to treat HIV, Proleukin does not attack the virus. Proleukin boosts the production and activity of several important immune system cells. These cells include T-cells (T4 cells and T8 cells), B-cells (which produce antibodies), macrophages, and natural killer cells (NK cells).

Researchers believe that Proleukin can be helpful to HIV-positive people in two ways: 1) to help protect the immune system from the damage caused by HIV, and 2) to help the immune system control HIV reproduction. Proleukin doesn't attack HIV. It helps T-cells and other important immune system cells (e.g., B-cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells) to grow. Many patients who have used Proleukin have seen large increases in their T-cell counts and other important cells.

Proleukin 鈥?particularly the intermediate and high doses 鈥?should be used in combination with anti-HIV drugs. This is because it can also cause viral load to increase in the absence of effective anti-HIV therapy.

In the past, Proleukin was found to increase T-cell counts in patients who had relatively high T-cell counts to begin with (i.e., greater than 200 cells/mm3). New research has shown that lower doses of the drug can be used to boost T-cell counts in patients with lower T-cell counts. In other words, Proleukin may have two advantages: 1) to protect the immune system in people who have normal T-cell counts, and 2) to restore the immune system in people who have low T-cell counts.

Some researchers believe that Proleukin will help HIV-positive people's immune systems gain better control HIV, even in the absence of anti-HIV drug therapy. This does not mean that Proleukin will be a cure. Researchers are attempting to "prime" the immune system to help keep HIV at low levels so that it won't cause additional damage to the immune system. Studies are now being conducted to examine this possibility.Hope this helps clarify things.Cheers.
another valid point is that many who have HIV also have HCV-some who opt to treat do so with antiviral chemotherapy which in this case interferon would be used.
interferon is a man made substance very close to our natural kind of interferon our bodies make. it is used to boost the immune fighting cells along with an oral medication-ribavirin. sometimes amantadine is used as well. There seems to be a good outcome regardless of a SVR in those dually infected as well. Ask your doctor for advice and good luck to you.

Why is Hydroquinone unsafe?

What does is do to the skin appart from lighten it?
does it cause cancer?
Also does the product fair and white contain it?
Answer:
It has been found to be a carcinogen, so yes, it causes cancer. It also causes confetti sized areas of depigmentation (loss of color). This means it can lead to permanently blotchy skin with light and dark areas. It can also cause exogenous ochronosis which leads to darkened areas of the skin.No, Fair and White does not contain hydroquinone.Why not accept and love who you are? Your skin tone is a complete package that co-ordinates with your eyes and hair color.If you are considering tampering with your natural skin tone, I highly suggest you dish out the money to do it properly. See a dermatologist. Most store bought skin whitening products either don't work or they cause your skin to become permanently blotchy (some even cause allergies and/or burning leading to scarring). You are taking an extreme risk with a do-it-yourself product. Remember, your face is out there...up front and personal...you certainly don't want to do something where you will have to live with the results if it goes wrong. Be safe! See a dermatologist.

Why is Hydrocortisone clearing up my acne?

I have had acne since I was 14, now I am 22, and still have it, but it is going away. My mom told me my acne was poison oak, I didn't believe her, but she said it cleared up my little sisters forehead so I tried it. Okay, and I am almost CLEAR! I mean completely except for a bunch of pin-point bumps and sores, but no real pimples at all. I have been using pro-activ, made it worse, I used Glytone from a dermatologist, acne free, clearasil, clean %26 clear, and many more other things. Could acne sometimes be caused by allergies? Is the hydrocortisone just taking out the oil?(which comes up even though I washed my face 3x day)-no more oily face now though. A $2 tube of knock off hydrocortisone really worked! I can even wear make up now without breaking out. I have used this only 5 nights.
Answer:
I think that it is a steroid thats why. they help with acne but its something you dr must know about because its temporary and you have to be on it for a while.
Could you list what the product was? I want to see if it works! :)
Be careful using hydrocortisone. It can weaken your skin and cause color changes in your skin. It can also make you more likely to get an infection. Talk to your dermatologist . maybe you don't have acne.
i dont think it was acne u were dealing with, ur mom was probly rite..
ur skin is guna turn weak if u keep using it!!

Why is HIV reporting good? What are the pros and cons of HIV registry?

Any websites that might help? Im suposed to be the affirmative side of STD/HIV reporting or STD/HIV registry. HELP!
Answer:
it's helpful in keeping tabs on risk logistics ie; which geographical areas, agegroups, genders, and races are at highest risks at this particular time. example. i live in florida. i know that dade county has the highest infection ratio in the state. i'm also aware that young girls ages 15 to late 20's have the highest growing rate of infection, but still gay males have the most reported cases to date. i don't know who has hiv-as a member of the general public i do not have access to this information, therefore no ones privacy is really being invaded. i can not go on the computer and search all my friends and co workers for stds (thank god), but i can use the information that is available to help me make better choices about my choice of sexual partners and practices. i also know who is in the greatest need of more thorough education and encouragement of prevention practices.
HIV REPORTING IS GOOD BECAUSE HOMOS AND REPRIBATES CAN GOTO JAIL AND RDUCE THE AMOUNT OFFUCKENN CASES
its not good- it violates people's privacy and the relationship between doctors and patients

Why is HIV particle so virulent?


Answer:
So Virulent? Where do you get that information? What are you relying on to make such a bold inacurate statement?In the 1980s it was often claimed that HIV infection led to AIDS very quickly, but as time went on the asymptomatic period was stretched out until now the consensus is that it is about 10 years, both in countries where HIV testing and AIDS drugs are common, and in poorer countries where they are not.“Johns Hopkins researcher Stephen Gange said records of a large group of gay men studied in the late 1980s showed that seven out of 10,000 cases developed AIDS within six months of infection.”
Brown D. Drug-resistant AIDS case remains a puzzle. Washington Post. 2005 Feb 25.“There are too many shortcomings in the theory that HIV causes all signs of AIDS. We are seeing people HIV-infected for 9, 10, 12 years or more, and they are still in good shape, their immune system is still good. It is unlikely that these people will come down with AIDS later.”
VI Int’l AIDS Conference, Jun 24 1990We live in a media age that loves sound bites and simple quotes. This question follows that logic and goes to prove that what we hear about HIV is not the real thing.
From what I understand, does it not change its form and shape somehow, so that antibodies are unable to identify it and attack it??
^ (I think what Andy wrote is about Malaria Parasites)
HIV - because it damages a person's immune system (such as helper T cells). A person infected with HIV is infected for life - there's no cure. Over time, as the immune system weakens, a person with HIV may develop rare infections or cancers. When these are particularly serious, the person is said to have AIDS.
Like Hep C, HIV can change it's form by swapping genes, producing many different strains / subtypes, making it difficult to produce a vaccine. This is why even people who are already infected should take precautions, as there is the potential for people to become infected with a number of different strains. This could potentially produce extremely dangerous strains of HIV, that are resistant to current retro-viral drugs. There is also the danger that a variant could develop that could be passed on more easily, ie: possibly become airborne, like TB.This has already happened with TB, causing multi-drug resistant TB to become prevelant in certain areas of Africa, and elsewhere. Another example is how MSRA has mutated to produce the much more dangerous VRSR, as in resistant to Vancomycin, the drug of choice for MRSA.For more information see the follwing links:http://www.avert.org/http://www.hivdent.org/drugs/drughahdr01...http://www.scienceagogo.com/news/2006051...http://www.who.int/hiv/en/http://www.hpa.org.uk/infections/topics_...
Virulence is a measure of how likely an organism is to cause a disease. I'm not sure how virulent it is... It is however the most lethal virus, because it has a rather cunning trick. The virus takes its DNA, and adds it to the host cell DNA, making it a "retrovirus". The viral DNA then becomes part of the human DNA, so when that cell divides, the viral DNA divides with it. By infecting a dividing cell whose function it is to replace other cells, the virus can reproduce large numbers of itself without running the risk of ever dying out. Because even when all the virust particles are destroyed, viral DNA in the host cells still contains all the information needed to make new particles.
It infects immune cells called T-cells and macrophages. This is also very cunning and devious because it is these two types of cells that are responsible for removing other cells in the body infected with HIV. So in all its cunningness, the HIV virus removes any resistance the body has to offer to the virus' reproduction. Sort of like destroying a country's army before invading it.
Invasion by the virus is not the major problem. The problem is due to the lack of immunity resulting from the destruction all the immune cells, (hence Adult Immune Deficiency Syndrome or AIDS). This allows other bacteria and fungi to grow in the body and wreak havoc unsupervised, leading eventually to death.
Thats why the treatment is in trying to destroy these invading bacteria and fungi, using a "cocktail" of drugs for all the different types of organisms.
itz mainly coz it selectively attacks n destroys d helper t cells of d immune system... destruction of des cells causes many infections which will b very virulent in des patients...
The HIV virus is constantly evolving, which is why scientists can't make vaccines for it, it affects the immune system, but it also invades the cells of the immune system, so they carry on reproducing, thinking they are making more antibodies, but are actullay churning out a supply of the HIV virus
The immune system is so good at attacking it but cannot win without a little help. It feels like the shock you would get when rubbing your feet on carpet and then touching metal as the virus first enters the initial cells. After the initial cells are destroyed there seems to be nothing going on. However, there is a constant struggle going on inside the body as the immune system battles the virus.

Why is HIV called the HIV Virus?

Why is it called the HIV Virus if the acronyms has virus in it? I need this in a hurry for school, get extra credit that I NEED %26gt;.%26gt;
Answer:
For the same reason people say ATM machine and PIN number. :)I think it's just a linguistic thing. People feel like it's clearer. I don't hear a lot of medical professionals adding virus to the end, they just say "HIV."
It stand s for Human Immuno Defieciency Virus.Thats why.TC

Why is chickenpox is called chickenpox, what has it got to do with chickens?


Answer:
One history of medicine book credits Giovanni Filippo (1510鈥?580) of Palermo with the first description of varicella (chickenpox). Subsequently in the 1600s, an English physician named Richard Morton described what he thought a mild form of smallpox as "chicken pox." Later, in 1767, a physician named William Heberden, also from England, was the first physician to clearly demonstrate that chickenpox was different from smallpox. However, it is believed the name chickenpox was commonly used in earlier centuries before doctors identified the disease.There are many explanations offered for the origin of the name chickenpox:Samuel Johnson suggested that the disease was "no very great danger", thus a "chicken" version of the pox;
the specks that appear looked as though the skin was pecked by chickens;
the disease was named after chick peas, from a supposed similarity in size of the seed to the lesions;
the term reflects a corruption of the Old English word giccin, which meant itching.
As "pox" also means curse, in medieval times some believed it was a plague brought on to curse children by the use of black magic.
does the vaccine come from chickens?
not sure on that one.
Found a website it will tell you all you need to know
doc named Richard Morton described what was a mild form of smallpox as "chicken pox." turned out to be something different. the name stuck
a chickens skin is lumpy like pimples
you get with chicken pox that's why??
prob cos it looks like chickens have bin peakin at u
and its a great way of teasing younger family members when they have it by sayin that they are turnin into a chicken

Why is calcium intake restricted in renal failure patients?


Answer:
Maybe because it could help form kidney stones and it isn't excreted as fast? Ask your nephrologist or the dietician at the dialysis center .Here are some links to the National Kidney foundation and diet...Kidney disease and diethttp://www.kidney.org/atoz/atoztopic.cfm... (National Kidney foundation on diet)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (how to increase calories with the kidney diet)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (scroll down to鈥igh phosphorus foods to avoid)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (scroll down to 鈥igh potassium foods to avoid)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (scroll down to..high sodium foods to avoid)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (tips on cutting down on protein)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (kidneys and analgesics)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (kidneys and alcohol)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (kidneys and drugs)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atoztopic.cfm... (kidney transplants)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atoztopic.cfm... (urinary tract problems)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (kidneys and immunosuppresants used with transplants)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atoztopic.cfm... (kidneys and high blood pressure)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (dining out and kidney disease)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (nutrition and hemodialysis)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (vitamins and minerals and a kidney diet)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (emergency meal planning for patients on dialysis)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (emergency meal planning for diabetics on dialysis)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atoztopic_br. (National Kidney foundation downloadable brochures)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atoztopic.cfm... (all about dialysis)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (impotence and kidney disease)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (tips for spicing up your diet)
http://www.kidney.org/atoz/atozitem.cfm?... (recipes for kidney patients)

Why is BRUCELLOSIS endemic in Latin America?

BRUCELLOSIS is spread to humans mostly from farm animals
Answer:
What is brucellosis?
It is a contagious, costly disease of ruminant animals that also affects humans. Although brucellosis can attack other animals, its main threat is to cattle, bison, and swine. The disease is also known as contagious abortion or Bang's disease. In humans, it's known as undulant fever because of the severe intermittent fever accompanying human infection or Malta fever because it was first recognized as a human disease on the island of Malta. How is brucellosis spread? Brucellosis is commonly transmitted to susceptible animals by direct contact with infected animals or with an environment that has been contaminated with discharges from infected animals. Aborted fetuses, placental membranes or fluids, and other vaginal discharges present after an infected animal has aborted or calved are all highly contaminated with infectious Brucella organisms. Cows may lick those materials or the genital area of other cows or ingest the disease-causing organisms with contaminated food or water. Despite occasional exceptions, the general rule is that brucellosis is carried from one herd to another by an infected or exposed animal. This mode of transmission occurs when a herd owner buys replacement cattle or bison that are infected or have been exposed to infection prior to purchase. The disease may also be spread when wild animals or animals from an affected herd mingle with brucellosis-free herds. How can people be protected from brucellosis? Ranchers, farmers, or animal managers should clean and disinfect calving areas and other places likely to become contaminated with infective material. All individuals should wear sturdy rubber or plastic gloves when assisting calving or aborting animals, and scrub well with soap and water afterward. Precautions against drinking raw milk or eating unpasteurized milk byproducts are also important. Ultimately, the best prevention is to eliminate brucellosis from all animals in the area. How common is human brucellosis in this country? Fortunately, the combination of pasteurization of milk and progress in the eradication of the disease in livestock has resulted in substantially fewer human cases than in the past. Ninety eight cases of human brucellosis were reported in 1997, a fraction of the 6,400 cases reported in 1947. Sixty two (62) cases of brucellosis in humans have been reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention for 1998 (provisional data).

Why is blood red?


Answer:
The Hemoglobin molecule is red when attached to a oxygen molecule, it is not red when the O2 is not attached.
It looks cool.
Cells. Blood is accually blue when inside the body!
Its actually blue, mixed with oxygen in the air turns it red.
It's due to the heamoglobin molecules it contains. These are red coloured iron complexes.
Well its actually blue but once the blood hits oxygen it turns red... and I have no idea why..lol.. :o)
hemoglobin
its actually blue, its red because when it touches the air it gets oxygenated, which turns it red.
THINK I CARE?
it is exposed to air when it is Red
cause, its really blue,or purple but when it hits the air it turns that color.
it' actually blue in our veins until oxygen hits it when we have a cut and it turns red
Hemoglobin is what make the blood a red color.
because thats what color it is, i dont think there is a reason
something about oxidation or something--- blood is blue, which it why are vanes are blue but when the air touches it, it turns red.
Blood is red because blood absorbs all the other colors of the visible spectrum, except for red. So red is transmitted instead. Get it.P.S. I took Biology, Chemistry, and Physics in college.
red blood cellls are red and change the color to red
blood isn't red its blue it turns red when it gets oxygen
Because it contains Iron, which oxidizes (the same process as rusting!) when exposed to oxygen. Blood in the veins isn't red!
When the iron in blood meets with oxygen, it makes it a red color. It's the same principle behind when iron rusts, it looks red.
blood is red because of a pigment called haemoglobin in blood which imparts red colour
I don't know how true it is but when I was little I was told blood was blue inside the body, and when it came to the surface it turned red due to oxygen
so you can see it when you bleed. Its like a red light or tail lights on a car, when you see red, you stop. So when you bleed you see red, you stop, you put on a bandaid, or other care if its serious.
Good question! When u find out why ... let me know.
its not the blood thats red its the blood CELLS.
red blood cells
It is a chemical reaction between ingredients in blood and oxygen that turn it red. When the blood passes through the arteries it receives oxygen from the lungs and the blood turns red. The blood traveling back to the heart has been depleted of oxygen since that is one of the main purposes of blood, to bring oxygen to all of the cells. That is why veins are blue and arteries are red. Though there are "red blood" cells in the mix they are not red unless they are rich in oxygen. It is hemoglobin in the cells that actually carry the oxygen. I believe it is the reaction between oxygen and iron that makes the red color, like rust forming when iron is over exposed to air.
Because it exposed to oxygen, but it is actually blue inside the body.
Actually, human blood is blue. It only becomes red when it is exposed to oxygen.For the low down nitty gritty, check out the source link
its actually blue. it turns red once it takes in oxygen.

Why is blood clotting abnormal in patients with vitamin K deficiency?


Answer:
as vit. k helpsin clotting of blood. its help in conversion of fibrinogen into fibrin d fibrin clots blood
Vitamin K is part of the coagulation cascade, a series of chemical/biological events that occur at the site of a blood clot. Vitamin K is found in many foods (plant-form of K, called K1) and is made by bacteria that live in your colon (K2). A deficiency of this vitamin will prolong your clotting time (length of time it takes to make an effective clot at the site of a bleed). Liver disease, and certain anti-coagulant medications, can create vitamin K deficiency that would be treated by taking additional vitamin K supplements.
I had problems with a vitamin K deficiency and was later found to be caused at least in part to a bleeding disorder called VonWillebrands disease.Similar to hemophilia but affects both men and women and most noticeable in women during their cycles( how mine was caught)

Why is Bird Flu in the news so much? Is it really that dangerous?


Answer:
It's extremely dangerous.Over the last six months 78% of the people who were infected died.Most of these people had contact with poultry, but some were human to human transmission.The virus is picking up the changes necessary to pass easily from person to person. When this happens, we will have a pandemic.None of us have any immunity so we will all be in danger. We will probably be told to stay in our homes to lower the number of infections. There are already plans to close schools for three months.We should have food, baby food, pet food, medicine, water, etc. for that time.It's a very dangerous virus.The 1918 pandemic - the virus is similiar to this virus - killed 50 to 100 million people worldwide.

UPDATE:It鈥檚 true that there haven鈥檛 been as many deaths from the H5N1 avian virus as we usually have each year from seasonal flu. YET. This pandemic flu vs. number of seasonal flu patients is really not that difficult to understand. The very real fear 鈥?getting more worrisome every day 鈥?is that the virus will continue the mutations that it has undergone so far. Scientists are watching it mutate and it is acquiring the mutations necessary to spread easily from person to person 鈥?that鈥檚 when a pandemic will begin. The only thing it lacks at this point is to latch on easily in our upper airway, and scientists are saying that it is a matter of when not if.Today the World Health Organization confirmed another 15 cases in Indonesia this year. 13 of those people died including a pregnant woman last week. Seven cases could be traced back to sick poultry, but eight couldn鈥檛. That means those eight people picked it up from another person or possibly another animal that鈥檚 now spreading it. Neither of these is good.It is a terrible death. A virus enters the body and takes over a cell. It reproduces itself and spreads so quickly that our immune system literally floods the lungs with cells to fight the infection. This reaction is so massive that the cells kill lung cells and the lungs fill up with both infection, and the immune system response. This is often called a cytokine storm. The person literally drowns, and there is nothing that even our modern medical system can do that is effective to save a patient. The current patients are getting good medical care with anti-viral drugs, ventilators to breath for them, IV fluids 鈥?all of the care we鈥檇 expect to get now if we came down with a terribly bad case of seasonal flu. (Yearly seasonal flu deaths are about 36,000 not 100,000)But unfortunately these things won鈥檛 be available for patients once a pandemic begins. We have no surge capacity in our medical systems. There will be nowhere to put millions of patients. There won鈥檛 be enough healthcare workers to take care of these patients 鈥?no antiviral drugs.There isn鈥檛 a vaccine and they won鈥檛 be able to manufacture one until the pandemic virus emerges. Then it will take at least 6 to 9 months for the first vaccine. There will be only small amounts at first and this will be given to healthcare workers, firemen, first responders, etc.Most people with the pandemic flu will die and they will die at home while being taken care of by their families.At this point most of the strains of H5N1 are responding to Tamiflu. We don鈥檛 have nearly enough and just in the past month, health officials decided to double the dosage in an effort to give patients the best chance of survival. That means we have drugs for only half as many patients as we had last month.There is one strain in Egypt that seems to have been resistant to Tamiflu. I wouldn鈥檛 be surprised to see if more strains develop a resistance. However, I鈥檓 sure that every one who gets pandemic flu would like to chance to see if Tamiflu would work for them.
It in itself is really not much more dangerous then a regular flu. The danger is if it mutates so that it is easily spread between humans because there is no innate resistance in human genes and there is no vaccine currently available that I'm aware of. Anyone that gets it they make a big deal about so it doesn't have a chance of spreading any more which would increase its chance of harmful mutation.
u know that flue is epidemic. it is an orthomixovirus. it has many genes because of that it recombinates and in each season a new kind of this virus appeares.
dear friend for more informations see:
http://www.cdc.gov/search.do?querytext=b...
i would be more worried about xrd tb in africa , 100% death rate amoungst hiv possitive and uncurable amoungst normal folks.
I agree with starlight on this one. What is more interesting with this flu is that the ones who get it and die are typically young.. the older people get very very ill but dont die as often from it.
Only about 150 deaths so far worldwide from bird flu but over 100,000 annually in the USA from normal flu. WTF?
Donald Rumsfeld used to be a major player and investor in Gilead (who ship Tamiflu all over the world) its a scam. They ramp up the fear factor using their neocon Zionist media mates, then rake in the profits from selling Tamiflu (which doesnt even friggin work).

Why is AIDS a disease created by man?

Which government created it? When? For whom?
Answer:
Im sure the jury is still out on that one. I heard Russians then someone else reckons Swiss doctors unleashed it hidden inside malaria innoculations, be nice to know for sure. Check out what some loose unit called Pianka had to say about human populations and diseases, he's a loony professor of some sort ,,,,,,,,easy to Google.
Gay sex, and sex with animals might have caused it.
I'm assuming you just heard that somewhere and want an explanation on the statement.
It's not necessarily the AIDS is a disease created by man, but more a disease perpetuated by man.
AIDS is the kind of thing that if the entire world was really organized, we could stop it real quick. If everyone who had aids knew they had AIDS and then never had any sort of contact that transmitted the disease AIDS would eventually go away.
But because the world is not that organized and too many people don't know or just don't care AIDS doesn't just go away.
It's not. That's an idiotic conspiracy theory.
umm dont know how to tell u dis but...AIDS came from monkeys in africa...or is it mosquitoes? either one
Last I heard, I think it mutated from the green monkey and crossed the species barrier. Bet a good search could yield some actual data. Just stick with the medical article. The conspiracy nuts will have you believing all sorts of weird drama!
I'm pretty sure that monkeys, as organized and civil as they are, don't have a government exactly.It's one of those diseases that crossed species. Monkeys apparently always had it.
It really is a disease created by men.gay men, that is. Men don't have a vagina, so they have to do it up the butt. Butt's have alot of bacteria in them. Thats just plain out sick!
Thats why when a woman and a man have anal intercourse, the man should wear a condom. It's the easiest way to spread and get AID's.
ok from what i know, A.I.D.S. is not uncommon in chimpanzee populations and it doesnt seem to affect them the way it does humans, has something to do with the approximate 1.5% difference in our genetic make up.
somewhere along the line the virus jumped species which is not unusual (mad cow disease to creutzfeldt-jakob disease in humans).
there are a number of things in nature that act adversely or lethally to humans but do not affect other animals the same way.
the sydney funnel web spider, the bulldog ant and its smaller relative, the highly aggresive jack jumper, when they bite or sting a human they cause anaphylactic shock (A sudden, severe allergic reaction characterized by a sharp drop in blood pressure, urticaria, and breathing difficulties that is caused by exposure to a foreign substance, such as a drug or bee venom, after a preliminary or sensitizing exposure. The reaction may be fatal if emergency treatment, including epinephrine injections, is not given immediately.).
if another animal such as a dog or cat or cow is bitten or stung it will not suffer any life threatining symptons, its the human morphology that makes us susceptible to these things.
so it was NOT created by humans, its existed in primates for perhaps thousands of years. i hope that answers your question.
Aquired immune deficitiency syndrome isn't a disease
it is a condition. It cannot be isolated, cultured, cross infected
or cured it fails every test for defining a virus. If you do drugs
missuse antibiotics, are malnourished, or are hemophiliac
and require huge tranfusion volumes your immune system takes a beating. when people find they have been exposed to
HIV ( and have developed antibodies ie. an immunity to it )
they panic and want treatment ex. AZT and other drugs
azt kills HIV like napalm kills rabbits it kills EVERYTHING!
the amazing thing is that any patient could take this vile
toxin for 10 years and live. no wonder they get sick waste
away and catch other diseases, they are being poisoned for
profit. Ultimately drug companies are making HUGE money
pedaling toxic waste world wide, and the medical profession
are getting paid for endless research on the non-disease
they will never cure.
Aids disease created by man? huh! and, where pray tell did you learn all this? In the first place it's a lot more complicated then that. Far more then I'm sure you can learn in these few sentences. It started in Africa, the Congo mostly during the 60's when the Cuban troops were there giving aid? to the people.
It's still questionable whether they ate the Green Monkey Brain or they contracted the disease from the people and sex with them. It's all besides the point now. They brought the disease back with them to the Caribbean region.
From here it spread into the Southeastern U.S. and up the coastline into the New England States, from here into the West coast regions, from here, it's history.
It comes from both men and women Honey, not just men.
It has not been created as such by man. It has occurred naturally in animals for a long time (slightly different from the HIV virus).It was thought to have crossed the species barrier from monkeys to humans in Africa in the 1970's due to the tradition of eating 'bush meat' (monkey meat). The virus then adapted to infect and cause disease in humans. Following this, it spread slowly at first, and then more quickly due to unprotected sex (homosexual and heterosexual) and transfusion of infected blood among other routes. So, it was a disease created by man because it was the activities of the human race which allowed the virus to adapt to live in humans.

Why insulin can not given IM?

Types of adminstration
Answer:
Insulin is usually given subcutaneously (into the fat). Other routes could possibly be given including IV. I think it has to do with SQ being slower absorbed (you don't want any quick shocks to the blood sugar). If you need faster...hospital usually deals with any possible IM or IV treatments. Ask a pharmacist for sure and he could tell you...
Insulin IS given IM (intramuscular)
predominately its given subcutaneously, but i suppose IM would work...it would burn more though, that's probably why due to the discomfort of IM shots..

Why i have ear fullness,my ent said there is no infection ,he did nothing?


Answer:
Hi
I had that %26 my ear popped all the time drove me nuts my ent said it was an allergy , it did go away in about 6 months
good luck
lean over on your side and let it drain.
If there's no infection why take antibiotics?

Why i got +ve result although i have completed a course of Inj. Interferon/?

I have completed a course of injection interferon for the treatment of hepatitis C. but again i got positive result. that is why. that means i have still hepatits c.
Answer:
If you postive result shows greater than 10, I believe the virus came back. Depending on which scale they used. I would call the doctor and ask him/her to read the results to you. Good Luck!
Good question as you were taking your treatments did you have to stop due to your white cell count being too low, , how aggressive was your treatment, there are new meds on htre market for Hep C talk with with your medical doctor or gastroenterologist , they may feel you are a candidate for a longer treatment or different treatment or your medical history may be one that is not conducive with further aggressive treatment, only your physician that knows your health history can give you all the answers. Did you ask your doctor if not ask if you did and don't understand ask again. Second opinions are always a good idea when in doubt

Why hydroen peroxide is good for you?

I did a reseach on hydro peroxide and it sais that ir had cured a few men from 3 different types of cancer like prostate being 1 of them . and over in Europe they use this to help out the HIV victims , so why is is that it kills all the germs and virus on a open whomp but get can't use it internally to help fight virus and etc. on the inside of you it still gets in the blood stream..
Answer:
You aren't very clear.
People can become cured from serious desease by faith alone, in anything or anyone.
Some people drink deadly poison and live to testify that faith is everything.
Not just only that it helps clense germs infection on open cuts. Good use for emo girl and boy.
that is a good question and you know they say you can get your teeth whiter with it too
Hydrogen peroxide has been used as an antiseptic and anti-bacterial agent for many years. While its use has decreased in recent years with the popularity of better-smelling and more readily-available over the counter products, it is still used by many hospitals, doctors and dentists in sterilizing, cleaning and treating everything from floors to root canal procedures.Recently, alternative medical practitioners have advocated administering doses of hydrogen peroxide intravenously in extremely low (less than one percent) concentrations for hydrogen peroxide therapy 鈥?a controversial alternative medical treatment for cancer. However, according to the American Cancer Society, "there is no scientific evidence that hydrogen peroxide is a safe, effective or useful cancer treatment." They advise cancer patients to "remain in the care of qualified doctors who use proven methods of treatment and approved clinical trials of promising new treatments."Internal use of hydrogen peroxide has a history of causing fatal blood disorders, and its recent use as a therapeutic treatment has been linked to several deaths.Hydrogen peroxide is Generally Recognised As Safe (GRAS) as an antimicrobial agent, an oxidizing agent and more by the US Food and Drug Administration. Hydrogen peroxide can also be used as a toothpaste when mixed with correct quantities of baking soda and salt. Like benzoyl peroxide, hydrogen peroxide is also sometimes used in the treatment of acne.Hydrogen peroxide is also used as an emetic in veterinary practice.
same reason clorox kills the aids virus but you cant inject clorox bleach into somebody. Its just to toxic for the internal system. A small amount applied to a generalized surface is one thing. Did your reaserch tell you how much peroxide was issued during these treatments? Either large diluted samples or small but frequent injections
It also kills our own cells but it does not harm the skin on the outside. The skin on the outside is what protects us against the peroxide from hurting us too.
Yes, it is true, my dentist also told me about this, if you drop a pea size of hydrogen peroxide to l liter of water, the water become alkaline, and when taken to our body system, the old cells degenerate and it is well known for those who have cancer, it really cures!
That is a very question. I would like to know the real true answer to that. There is a lot of viruses that could be cured that way. I do hope that you find out the real answer on that one. Good luck!!!!!

Why heart beat for someone when we come to teen age ?

girishchandra
Answer:
bcause u r in love.
errrr what!!!
It's English, Jim, but not as we know it...

Why has the muscle directly under my eye twitching all day??

right under my eye(where the bags under your eye are), has been twiching all day. i have no idea what is causing this. does anyone have any ideas, or know how to stop it ??
thank you!!
Answer:
Eyelid twitching usually disappears without treatment. In the meantime, the following steps may help:
* Get more sleep.
* Drink less caffeine.
* Lubricate your eyes with eye drops.
If twitching is severe, small injections of Botulinum toxin can temporarily cure the spasms.
Consult an Ophthalmologist.
Please see the web pages for more details on Blepharospasm.
You may have an allergy to something either pollen or something that you put on your face. I often get that from getting makeup in my eye or seasonal allergies. Try getting some over the counter eyes drops, such as Similisan Allery Relief eye drops. Usually costing around 6 dollars. Good Luck!!
O ahhaaha I think that feals good. You didnt get good sleep and nedd to take a nap.Thats all :]
This happens to me sometimes when I am stressed, anxious, or tired. Also, when I am overstimulated...if I have had more than one cup of coffee. Any of these apply to you? Try focusing on your breathing...taking deep breaths to help your body and mind chill and relax
My bet is on stress. what is stressing you out?

Why government doesn't want to spend money for Alternative medical research, and both-Conventional and?

Complementary and Alternative Medicine will then work together
http://www.mbschachter.com/approaches%20...
Answer:
The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine receives regular taxpayer funding including 121 million dollars just for 2007.http://nccam.nih.gov/about/appropriation...If the NCCAM was able to prove that any of their therapy options other than the complementary treatments like acupuncture and massage had any consistent benefit then I am sure their funding would be increased. The trials with laetrile and other supposed miracle cancer cures have all produced tremendously underwhelming levels of proof of efficacy.http://www.cancer.gov/cancerinfo/treatme...
in my opinion it is because alternative medicine might work and they would lose out on a lot of money. after all, it is all a money game to them.
looks like you are going to have to create another profile "B" because you are almost out of points. or either that answer a few LOL
Governmental funding only amounts to a small amount of the research dollars, with most coming from the drug companies and other sources. The government does tend to be careful where it spends its money, because they're looking for the most bang for the taxpayer's buck. Most "alternative" medicine is known to be quackery, so it's easy to avoid. Some may show promise here and there, but the point is that investments must be made wisely, and siting people that have a bunch of straw-man arguments and half-truths doesn't endear them to any people with purse-strings. New approaches are tried, generally without public knowledge, all the time, and nobody's closed to the idea of different approaches, but there has to be something upon which to base the investment.
Well, you are misinformed as the US government happens to have a national branch dedicated to alternative and complementary medicine and research. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
http://nccam.nih.gov/They provide Clinical Trial information, updates on the latest research, latest news, training facilities, legitimate contacts for CAM practitioners, and how to be an informed consumer.Government funding amounts from 1992 to 2007:
http://nccam.nih.gov/about/appropriation...
The posters "Panda" and "quijibored" are correct. The government does spend money on alternative medical research.Be also aware, the days of trial and error testing for drugs are gone. Most research is based on the current understanding of how cancer works. Design and development of drugs is applying the theories. Example, identifying a defective gene, identifying the protein produced by the defective gene, discovering and synthesizing an inhibitor to bind to the oncoprotein that is not toxic to humans. This is very expensive.What would research of alternative treatments like? Trial and error with no rationale of why they may work.
Maybe it's because of campaign contributions from the drug companies..

Why for no reason did my heart start beating fast?


Answer:
Exercise. Stress. Anxiety. Exhaustion. To name just a few. If the symptoms continue, or re-occur regularly, go to your Doctor and find out why.
looking at tuco again are we?
certein drugs, or anxiety.
maybe you were scared nervous or excited about something, it happens to me too!
Did you consume more caffeine than usual? drug?
Could be many reasons, Lots of sugar or caffeine, low blood sugar, anemia, having skipped a meal, allergic reaction to something, fatigue.
Were you nervous at the time? Or thinking about something too much? This could be a panic attack, usually misread by the sufferer early on as being a heart problem when in fact it isnt. This is called Tachycardia. If you are a woman in her 20's this is when the onset of panic attacks becomes apparent.
need more info,such as ur age.could be excess caffeine.could be a thyroid problem.could be perimenopausal hormone surges,if ur that age.could be a heart problem,tho not all that likely if ur young.if it happens a lot,see a dr.anemia can be another cause.in most young people-too much caffeine!
For no reason??
If you experience this while at rest %26 no stress or emotional experience, you have to consult a doctor..Anaemia causes an increase in heart beating, but also some heart problems do so.
You need to see your GP. There are hundreds of reasons for this to happen; most of them are harmless, but you do need to have you local doc check it out.

Why edema short time before and during menstruation?


Answer:
The body has a build up of the blood supply for the empending blood loss. More fluids in the body cause mild swelling.
This article will help you out:Edema * Signs and Symptoms
* What Causes It?
* What to Expect at Your Provider's Office
* Treatment Options
* Special Considerations
* Supporting Research
Edema (also known as dropsy or fluid retention) is swelling caused by the accumulation of abnormally large amounts of fluid in the spaces between the body's cells or in the circulatory system. It is most common in feet, ankles, and legs. Edema is a symptom, not a disease or disorder. Widespread, long-term edema can indicate a serious underlying health problem.Signs and SymptomsThese will vary and may include the following. * Swollen limbs (possibly accompanied by pain, redness, heat)
* Facial puffiness
* Abdominal bloating
* Shortness of breath, extreme difficulty breathing, coughing up blood
* Sudden change in mental state or coma
* Muscle aches and pains
What Causes It?Some of the many factors that cause edema are as follows: * Sitting or standing for long periods
* Certain medications
* Hormonal changes during menstruation and pregnancy
* Infection or injury to a blood vessel, blood clots, or varicose veins
* Blocked lymph channels (lymphedema)
* Allergies to food or insect bites
* Kidney, heart, liver, or thyroid disease
* High or low blood pressure
* Eating salty foods
* Brain tumor or head injury
* Exposure to high altitudes or heat, especially when combined with heavy physical exertion
What to Expect at Your Provider's OfficeYour health care provider will look for varicose veins, blood clots, wounds, or infections. An x-ray, CT scan, MRI, urine test, or blood test may be necessary. Pulmonary edema, which occurs when fluid builds up in the lungs, can be caused by other diseases such cardiovascular disease or by climbing at high altitudes. It can be life-threatening and may require hospitalization.Treatment OptionsTreatment may involve using compression bandages and pressure "sleeves" tightened over swollen limbs to help force the body to re-absorb the fluid. Other options include a salt-reduction diet, daily exercise, resting with legs elevated above the heart level, wearing support hose, taking a diuretic, and massage.Drug Therapies * Medication for your underlying disorder -- talk to your health care provider.
* Diuretics -- for example, loop diuretics or potassium-sparing diuretics. These medicines reduce body fluid levels, but they also deplete important vitamins and minerals, which can result in loss of bone mass. Diuretics may have several other possibly serious side effects.
Surgical ProceduresSurgery may be required to remove fat and fluid deposits associated with a type of edema called lipedema, or to repair damaged veins or lymphatic glands to reestablish lymph and blood flow.Complementary and Alternative TherapiesThe following nutritional and herbal support guidelines may help relieve edema, but the underlying cause must be addressed.
Nutrition and Supplements * Reduce salt intake. A low-salt, high-protein diet may help edema. (However, you should not eat a high-protein diet if you have kidney disease.) You should also reduce how much sugar and refined carbohydrates you eat.
* Eliminating food allergens from your diet decreases inflammation.
* Natural diuretics: asparagus, parsley, beets, grapes, green beans, leafy greens, pineapple, pumpkin, onion, leeks, and garlic.
* Vitamin B6 (50 - 100 mg per day) and B1, or thiamine (200 mg per day), are mild diuretics.
* Vitamins C (250 - 500 mg two times per day), E (400 - 800 IU per day), and coenzyme Q10 (50 - 100 mg two times per day).
* If you use diuretics, your doctor may have you supplement with potassium aspartate (20 mg per day), since diuretics flush out potassium from the body and cause a deficiency. Do not take extra potassium without informing your doctor.
* Magnesium (200 mg two to three times per day) and calcium (1,000 mg per day) help maintain fluid exchange in the body.HerbsHerbs are generally a safe way to strengthen and tone the body's systems. As with any therapy, you should work with your provider to get your problem diagnosed before starting any treatment. You may use herbs as dried extracts (capsules, powders, teas), glycerites (glycerine extracts), or tinctures (alcohol extracts). Unless otherwise indicated, you should make teas with 1 tsp. herb per cup of hot water. Steep covered 5 - 10 minutes for leaf or flowers, and 10 - 20 minutes for roots. Drink 2 - 4 cups per day. You may use tinctures alone or in combination as noted.Do not take these herbs if you are already taking a prescription diuretic. Herbs with diuretic properties include * Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus), 80 - 100 mg three times per day.
* Dandelion ( Taraxacum officinale ), 4 - 10 g of dried leaf steeped in one cup hot water. Strain and cool. Dandelion also is a good source of potassium, which is often reduced by diuretics.
* Horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum), 250 mg two times per day, standardized for aescin content. Use only reputable brands that have been professionally formulated. Crude preparations can contain a toxic compound. Do not use if you have liver or kidney disease or take blood-thinning medication, and do not exceed recommended dosage.
* Cleavers ( Galium aparine ), 2 - 4 g steeped in one cup hot water. Strain and cool. Drink three times per day.
* Juniper ( Juniperus communis), 1 - 2 g of juniper berry three times per day. Or steep 1 tsp. crushed juniper berry in one cup hot water. Strain and cool. Drink three times per day. Do not use for more than 4 weeks. Do not take juniper if you are pregnant, have kidney disease, are diabetic, or take blood pressure medication.Grape seed extract ( Vitis vinifera ) is a powerful antioxidant that also shows evidence of improving chronic venous insufficiency, which causes swelling when blood pools in the legs. Studies have used a dose of 360 mg two times a day or 720 mg once a day. Taking grape seed extract along with a vitamin C supplement may raise blood pressure, so check with your doctor.
HomeopathyHomeopathy may be useful as a supportive therapy.
Physical Medicine * Dry skin brushing. Before bathing, briskly brush the entire skin surface with a rough washcloth, loofa, or soft brush. Begin at your feet and work up. Always stroke in the direction of your heart.
* Cold compresses made with yarrow tea.
* Contrast hydrotherapy involves alternating hot and cold applications. Alternate 3 minutes hot with 1 minute cold. Repeat three times to complete one set. Do two to three sets per day.AcupunctureAcupuncture may improve fluid balance.
MassageTherapeutic massage can help lymph nodes drain.Special ConsiderationsExcessive fluid retention during pregnancy (toxemia) is potentially dangerous to both you and your baby.

Why don't schools teach lightning strike awareness to kids?

The risk is as great as so called 'AIDS' to most of them. Is it because the REAL agenda is frightening kids about sex?Author Michael Fumento, in his book The Myth of Heterosexual AIDS, offers substantial evidence that white, middle-class, non IV drugabuser heterosexuals are in less danger of contracting AIDS thru non-anal, sexual intercourse than they are of dying from shark attacks, being hit by lightning, or accidentally drowning in the bathtub. The book is very well referenced and documented. The book was reviewed by the Journal of the American Medical Assn as "the best single source available to enable heterosexual persons to assess their personal risk."
Answer:
AIDS is about money and about giving the impression to the general public that sex = death.The sad thing is so many people have fallen for the lies and the sorry myth.

Why don't people sneeze while they sleep?

I ask because surely these viruses are doing the same thing they do when we are awake. Why then don't we feel it and react?
Answer:
Do we lack the ability to sneeze while sleeping? "Or do we not sneeze because the conditions aren't right for sneezing?"After all it's a basic reflex that comes as original equipment. A quick review of my own son's early home videos yielded many examples of him sneezing as a tiny infant. It's a natural defense against dust and other airborne irritants.And those factors become less of an issue once we settle in for the night, says Cramer-Borneman."Homes with good ventilation, there's not much air flow in a room, compared to outdoors where you have pollens, dusts and mildews," he said.Not to mention the absence of another known sneeze trigger - bright light."A sudden exposure to certain bright light intensity can actually trigger sneezing," the sleep doctor pointed out. The so-called photo sneezing reflex, inherited by 30 percent of people of European descent, won't happen while we're sleeping.Cramer-Borneman remarks that another common cause of sneezing - plucking eyebrows -- is also far less likely to occur while we're in slumber.Of course, Cramer-Borneman suspects, we could be sleep-sneezing and just not know about it just as the patient who eats in her sleep has no recollection of it the next morning."The question would then become, would you be aware of that sneeze? Again, there are many things we do in our sleep we're not aware of," he concludes
you dont sneeze while you sleep because part of your brain gos to sleep
People do sneeze in their sleep, though. It's just rare to hear it, I guess.
I've sneezed in my sleep, my mom told me when she came to check on me when I had a cold. You don't hiccup though, not usually, hiccups are muscular contractions of the diaphragm. Your body is usually too relaxed to hiccup. You can sneeze, but it is less common.
zzzzzzzzzachoooooooooooooooooo...

Why don't people in other countries get allergies?


Answer:
Hi it does not matter what country you live in people get allergies,
what?! of course they get allergies...where there are trees there is tree pollen.. and there's .mold...dust...weeds...etc most places.
Their Aliens!!
Huh ? People in every country in the world have the same kind of allergies !
Of course we do! I spend half of the year (during the rainy season) sneazing and coughing and with itchy and teary nose and eyes!
Wherever there are flowers, dust, soap, and many, many other substances, you麓ll find people allegic to them.
I live in Moscow and get allergy only in spring and sometimes in summer, when it is warm and there are a lot of dust, plus some trees are flowering. I think if our warm period will longer, my allergy will more strong. So, it depends on climate and ecology of residence (town - village etc.).
If people in some undeveloped countries get severe allergies, they will just die. We can keep them alive over here, so there are more people with allergies.
I think it's our chemicals. I know some of these coutries are actually worst than us, but we are such a clean freak country and everything has to be able to melt the dirt away so we don't have to scrub.check out some of the toxins in our everyday products...
Perhaps you just weren't allergic to the specific pollens floating in the air in those other countries...but you are allergic to the ones in your US city.

Why don't our pets get lung cancer from second hand smoke?

We've had many pets throughout the years and most have passed away from old age not lung cancer and my husband and I both smoke. You would think if second hand smoke is so deadly it would attack our animals small lungs before a persons. Does anyone know why this doesn't seem to be the case?
Answer:
secondhand smoke is just bs.
They don't live as long as humans.
So the answer is, they die naturally before the effects of second-hand smoke can harm them.
I think as someone said they just dont live long enough. another thing is that animals are usually on the floor, and most smoke rises. Also, when you are talking with someone who smokes, Ive seen that they love to blow in your face. who blows smoke in their pets face?
The problem is you have not had your pets tested.
I'm willing to bet everything and say that your animals where not as active as they should have been.
The second account would be that smoke rises thus taking longer for it to affect your pets. Your only as good as the things you put inside your body or as bad as the thing you subject your selves to.
Dogs do get lung cancer. Generally speaking by the time its affecting their lives, they've died of old age, or other symptoms of disease or neglect.
My brother had a thing about teaching his dog to sneeze on command by blowing cigarette smoke in his face.
Dusty died of lung cancer.

Why don't I get goosebumps?

This may seem like an odd question, but its one I鈥檝e been trying to find the answer to for years! I have never in my life had goosebumps, no matter how scared, cold, or emotional I may get! I have tried little experiments, like sitting out in the cold %26 shivering, to making myself stare at spiders (I am not a spider lover) but still no bumps! I have spoken to some v intelligent people about this, but nobody has ever come up with a plausible answer!
Answer:
Ok goosebumps or piloerection (pil is from the Latin word for hair). People experience this phenomenon when they are cold or frightened. The hair is able to stand on end due to the contraction of the pili muscles at the base of the hairs. When they are triggered by external stimulus, the tiny muscles become hyperactive and the hair stands up straight. Because humans have very short hairs, our highly visible skin displays many small bumps as the pili muscles contract.Piloerection as a response to cold or fear is vestigial in humans; as humans retain only very little body hair, the reflex (in humans) now serves no known purpose.
The tiny mucsles are called Arrectores pilorum: Tiny muscles that act as the hair erector muscles. The arrectores pilorum play a key role in goose bumps, a temporary local change in the skin The chain of events leading to this skin change starts with a stimulus such as cold or fear. That stimulus causes a nerve discharge from the sympathetic nervous system, a portion of the autonomic (involuntary) nervous system. The nerve discharge causes contraction of the arrectores pilorum (the hair erector muscles). Contraction of these muscles elevates the hair follicles above the rest of the skin. And it is these tiny elevations we perceive as goose bumps.I cant say why you dont get goosebumps it might be that you haven't be exsposed to the right stimuli to create the response or it may be genetic. If you can make sense of the passge below(see second link) it talks about the lack of certain things in one person while they are clearly there in the control subjects. All to do with the nerve ending of the arrector pili smooth muscles/Arrectores pilorum muscle.We studied the immunohistochemical expression of laminin subunits f2, f1, g1 in muscle and skin biopsy samples from three patients with congenital muscular dystrophy (CMD), and from ten control patients investigated for various neuromuscular disorders. Merosin f2 chain was not detectable in the basement membrane of muscle fibers, or in the nerve endings, cutaneous nerves, and corium in the skin of the CMD patients, whereas it was clearly expressed in the skin biopsy samples from control patients, especially in the nerve endings of the arrector pili muscles. Laminin f1 chain was expressed in the corium, in the muscle fiber membranes of arrector pili muscles and in cutaneous nerve fibers, perineurium and blood vessels in controls and in CMD patients. Laminin g1 chain was faintly expressed in the corium, and a diffuse labeling was detected on arrector pili muscle with enhanced expression at nerve endings, intracutaneous nerves and capillaries, with similar findings in all biopsy specimens. For merosin-negative CMD patients, skin biopsy may provide a diagnostic alternative to muscle biopsy since merosin deficiency can be demonstrated in the skin neural structures, and in particular in the nerve endings of the arrector pili smooth muscles
(I gave up reasearching here as it was beyond me)Hope you find out why you dont get goosebumps. I think you need to really test the response try doing some exersise until you hot and swaeting then jump into a cold shower or a bath. This should give you. goose bumps. Good luck
are you asking to make a monster out of you?
Interesting. Well, I get them ALL the time..I'll share!!
I can't remember it all but somebody told me that years ago when a goose was killed it got bumps in fright and thats where the sayin came from,goosebumps
hmmmmmmmmm, if intelligent people don't have the answer maybe there isn't one.

Why don't doctors test for herpes during std testing?

if they tested for herpes during std testing the people with no sypmtoms would know they have it and then maybe it wouldn't be spread so much. i was recently diagnosed with hsv-2 and it makes me angry that doctors won't test for it unless you specifically ask for it. gives you a false sence of security once the std tests come back negative.
Answer:
This is an excellent question! The reason why HSV-1 and HSV-2 are not routinely tested by a doctor is because they are NOT very specific tests. They can come back positive if you have had any member of the herpes family (including things like chicken pox, etc.) They have a high false positive rate and people may think they have an STD when they really do not. The only reliable way to test for herpes (unfortunately) is to actually have a lesion present, break the blister, touch a cotton swab to the contents of the blister, and send it off to a lab so it can be examined under a special microscope. They are constantly working on better ways to test for HSV that give more reliable answers. Hope this helps.
DrM says it the best. I would like to add that herpes isn't the only std that they don't test for during an std screening. Herpes is still a new didease you know! Syphillus and Gonorhea have been around for a hell of a lot longer. Some medical tests are expensive, or a waste of time or both. That is the facts. There are lots of venereal diseases that would blow your friggin mind and new ones coming out everyday.
The statistics for herpes are very startling...some studies indicate that actual factual fact is that MOST people have venereal herpes. Either as a host or as a carrier.
Be careful out there. Condoms provide a false sense of security, they do not protect against skin and hair born disease, and they fail to protect against those born by fluids all to frequently. Condoms can fall off, or break, or become stretched. Make sure you have several condoms available if you choose to use them. Keep them fresh and store them in a cool dark place. Know who you are sleeping with. Getting drunk is terrible idea if you are horny. Lust blindness is to blame for a significant number of new people with aids.
Masturbation is good mental hygene.
because in order for u to be diagnosed they have to see it on ur vagina the sores. Herpes hide out so when u get a blood test it doesnt come up

Why don't cancer cells die or why do they take very long to die?

I need a good technical answer. I know it is not completely known why, and I know that there are many different genes involved, but can somebody give me a clear answer?
Answer:
I'll give a shot at this one.Normal cells have a limited number of times which they can divide. This is dictated by the length of their telomeres which acts as a counter. Most normal human cells can divide about 40-60 times in a lifetime. Cancer cells have achieved immortality by being able to regenerate telomeres. This allows them to continue to divide passed that point. That is the basic concept as to why cancer continues to grow. This is an area of much research for treatment possibilities.If you are asking why cancer can survive thru treatment, this is a more complex question. I will try to cover some of the reasons.One or more of the mutations of cancer cells involves tumor suppressor genes. These genes may repair damage to DNA or cause the cell to commit suicide (apoptosis) to prevent propagation of genetic errors. Since there are defective tumor suppressor genes, cancer cells are more suspectible to accumulating further gene mutations each generation (genetic instability).That's why histological grade (how abnormal or differentiated the cell looks) is important in prognosis and usually directly correlates tot he aggressiveness of a cancer. Do not confuse this with stage which is a measure of the physical progress of cancer spreading.These mutations are often for the evolutionary benefit of the cancer cell. Common mutations allow them to
1. use p-gycloproteins to pump out chemotherapy drugs.
2. change their surface antigen signature (preventing recognization by antibodies)
3. employ other defense mechanisms against the immune system
4. repair DNA damage caused by chemotherapy and radiation (but not DNA damage that is part of the cancer)However, cancer cells like any other cell may die from lack of blood supply. Necrosis (dead tissue) may be caused by cancer cells which have outgrown their blood supply. This is an area of much current research for treatment (anti-angiogenesis) and some drugs are already available which capitalize on this approach (Avastin, Erbitux, Tarceva, Iressa, etc.)I hope this clears things up for you without being too technical.
hopefully they can die... with Chemo
if administered in time, with the correct diagnosis
and hereditary factors
Cancer cells do die just like normal cells, but unlike normal cells in which the rate of death is in equilibrium with the rate of growth, in cancer, this is shifted such that growth is dramatically more than death, and so cancer grows uncontrolled.Different cancers have different reasons for this imbalance, i.e. different sets of genes are involved, but in general, this is usually a result of mutations in either proto-oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes. Proto-oncogenes are genes that when mutated, cause increased rate of growth; tumor-suppressor genes are genes that when altered, fail to cause proper senescence (aging) or apoptosis (death) of the cancer cells.This is in fact a very simplistic view of cancer. In actuality, there are likely multiple process and many levels of defects or pathways working at the same time in the same cell.
As you may know cancer is the result of the normal cell cycle that takes place in our bodies to replenish cells that die or need replacing, goes out of control. In so far as normal cells follow a natural cycle of development and multiplying and stop multiplying as they are controlled by certain genes to start and stop the growth cycle, as the body requires. If these controlling genes are mutated or damage in some way the cell growth cycle goes out of control, resulting in the development of excess cells and a build up. (Cancer).
Various treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy kill off and stop these fast growing cells. Research into gene therapy and gene silencing technology may one control those genes that contribute to these out of control cells developing.If you would like to read more about this process, the following site may be of interest.
Something as big as cancer is really hard to describe how it works, however, if you are interested in watching an hour long program produced by NOVA and shown on PBS on Feb 21st, 2001 click on this link:http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/cancer/prog...Trust me, after watching this, you should basically know how cancer cells work. I've watched it so many times and it all make sense to me. This Doctor might just have find a way to effectively treat cancer without chemo.Go for it, trust me, watching this will make your day.
Have fun

Why does your lower back hurt when you are getting the flu?


Answer:
It is due to the secretion of prostaglandins and other chemical substances in the body.
Pain in joints and back are often symptoms of the flu.
It may be related to lymph. Just like with mono when your lymph nodes swell and you are achy....white blood cells (cells that fight infection) increase in number when you are sick to try to fight the infection. There is a thoracic duct near you back that carries lymph. Maybe it gets congested? complete guess!
i experience feeling the aches when the effect of the paracetamol and other medicines fade. maybe it starts to hurt early on without the body noticing it because of the medicines. a common symptom; but still a good question.

Why does your hair fall out with chemo?

What makes someone's hair fall out during chemo?
Answer:
The truth is in the way chemo works. Chemo is a toxin that is taken up by all cells in the body and causes them to have difficulty in dividing and they die off. Cancer cells divide faster than most of the cells in your body therefore they are affected more than most of the other type of cells in the body. Unfortunately hair also divides fairly rapidly so it is also affected by chemotherapy (as are the gums).
Lack of vitamins caused by stress, check out the Pretikan diet, 405-753-WELL will cure the cancer
NOT EVERY TYPE OF CHEMO CAUSES LOSS OF HAIR. IT ALSO DEPENDS ON THE TYPE OF CHEMO, ORAL OR IV, AND THE TYPE OF CANCER.
your hair falls out because chemo therapy kills bad cancer cells but it can also kill the good ones which help your body's ammune system. so when it kills your good cells your hair falls out.
because chemo is toxic to all cells, just more toxic to cancer cells. Hair follicles are sensitive and they become unresponsive.
Hi! Hair falls out because the body can't handle the overload with toxins and Glutathione levels go down. Glutathione is a molecule found and produced in every cell of the body. It is responsible for the proper functioning of the immune system, detoxification, recycling of antioxidants and several other things. In a nutshell, Glutathione is the first line defense against diseases and toxins. Best resource of information is in the book "Glutathione. Your body's most powerful protector" by Jimmy Gutman, MD, researcher and emergency physician. Chapter 5 of this book addresses Cancer and the role of Glutathione in cancer prevention, treatments and recovery. This is not just empty words, you can find over 80,000 medical articles on www.pubmed.gov concerning glutathione and over 10,000 for the combination 鈥淕lutathione cancer 鈥? This website is the national depository of published medical articles. Product Immunocal is clinically proven to raise Glutathione levels naturally, it has 7 method of use patents including Patent # 5,888,552 dated 3-30-1999 that reads Anti-Cancer Therapeutic Compositions Containing Whey Protein Concentrate, and is listed in the U.S. Physician's Desk Reference (PDR) and the Pharmacist鈥檚 Red Book. If you'd like more information, please contact me at orklein@optonline.net
Hope this all answers your question. Olga
since my father has cancer i know a lot about it. The hair falls out because chemotherapy is toxic. it kill a lot of cells in your body such as white blood cells and hair. Certain chemotherapy does not make hair fall out. If you or someone else is on chemotherapy and there hair is falling out it is because the chemo is looking for the tumor and i kills your hiar since it is one of the weakest cells in your body.
Chemotherapy works by targeting cells that are dividing rapidly. Rate of growth is one of the major differences between normal cells and cancerous. Unfortunately, this also kills other cells that divide rapidly, including hair follicles.

Why does your ear ring sometimes for just a few seconds, and then quits?


Answer:
It means that the little cillia inside your ear have been damaged in some way, and incorrectly tells your brain that you are hearing an external noise, when really you are not.
Ha Ha, because someone is talking about you. If it's your right , they are talking nice but if it's your left they are talking bad.
Look at it this way, if it's bad that means they are leaving someone else alone. giggle
May be TinnitusTinnitus affects an estimated 50 million adults in the United States. For most people the condition is merely an annoyance by the buzzing, chirping, clanging, hissing, ringing, roaring, tinkling, or whistling sounds. In severe cases, however, tinnitus can cause people to have difficulty concentrating and sleeping. It may eventually interfere with work and personal relationships, resulting in psychological distress. About 12 million people seek medical help for severe tinnitus every yearSEE YOUR DOCTOR

Why does Walmart no longer have Dayhist, antihistamine?


Answer:
I didn't know Walmart had stopped carrying it. It may be marketed under the name Tavist (generic is clemastine). Some places have gone crazy with the decongestant behind the counter thing and put everything used for congestion behind the counter. Check with the pharmacist at your local Walmart or go to a pharmacy. If they stopped carrying it, I'm sorry. No one can explain Walmart. Good luck!
Maybe the factory in China is closed.
The Webster is right!If your DayHist had any sudafed in it, like the DayHist-D, they now keep it behend the counter at the pharmacy. Druggies make crystal meth out of sudafed so they have to keep everything locked up that has any sudafed in it.Just go to the pharmacy counter is WalMart and ask for the DayHist. They should have it. It'll be sold ONE box at a time only. And yes, the will act like you're going to run home and brew up some crank if you want more than one box. Good luck. Have your tried plain old generic Claritin? I prefer it to anything else that's sold over the counter and they don't keep it locked up.

Why does this happen?

I was just wondering how come when I eat fruit, everything inside my mouth itches including my throat. This also happens when I eat uncooked veggies, but if I eat the same veggies cooked then it's ok. Is this an allergy.. no one believes me when I tell them I can't eat fruit b/c of the way it makes me feel.
Answer:
It sounds like you may be suffering from something called oral allergy syndrome. It causes itchiness in the mouth and throat and is usually found in people who also have hayfever or spring allergies. Cooking breaks down the protein that causes the allergic reaction which is why you can eat the cooked vegetables fine. You might want to consider seeing an allergist for this. Also, maybe try taking an antihistamine like benadryl before eating the fruit next time and see if you still have the reaction or not. Here's a website that explains oral allergy syndrome in more detail: http://www.calgaryallergy.ca/articles/en...
Hopefully this helps!
u r probably allergic or somthing.
Most fruit is acidic. That could cause it to sting if you have any irritated spots in your mouth. Also, are you sure that you aren't allergic to certain foods?

Why does this happen?

whenever i try to sleep, i feel like something is on me, it was also harder to breathe and there was this intense pressure on my body and i couldn't move.
Answer:
Sounds like a condition called sleep paralysis sounds weird but is nothing to worry about. Basically this means that your mind and your body are sleeping at different levels of consciousness. Like the above post said in your case it means that you body has gone to sleep faster than your brain, hence your body is asleep and your brain is still semi-conscious. I too get this condition, although I get mine after I doze back off in the mornings and sleep for too long, my mind wakes up but my body is still sleeping and unresponsive. Is similar in principal to when sounds in our environment incorporate into our dreams, altering levels of consciousness and meshing them together.Is a common condition, about 5% of the population get it and it is thought to be hereditary, so ask one of your parents or a sibling if they have similar experiences. If you want to wake yourself up the key is to remain calm, which can be difficult as this condition can cause you to panic, and try to move a small part of your body like a finger. when you move it you will wake up. Although some times I find it impossible to keep my eyes open after I have done this, so repeat process and get straight up! :)The feeling of something sitting on your chest/body pressure is a fear response, not a medical ailment and is very common with sleep paralysis! The key is to remain calm and use that brain that is awake to rationalize away the fear (tell yourself that you are having an episode f SP, there is nothing to worry about and that you are going to move your fingers to wake up), sounds strange but it really works, you are awake enough to reason!Funny fact it is thought that SP is the leading cause of reported paranormal and/or alien abduction cases... unable to move, dream like state, intense fear, pressure on the chest and weird visuals to name just a few common symptoms.Hope that helps :)
Sounds like a question for the doc, not Y!A.Sandy
are you athsmatic? This could be why.
you need a medical check up.
**** happens
Wow...not good. Sounds like a respitory infection of some sort. Do you often cough up phlem? Do you smoke? Something you should have checked out immediately.
Nothing is "on you".Rarely (you are rare), when you fall asleep, your brain falls asleep first. Sometimes...rarely...you can Experience it! There are chemicles in your brain that keeps you asleep for hours and hours. It "holds you down" for hours and hours.The only thing that is "wrong"...is your brain's chemicals kicked in...while your were still awake.No biggy.
.
You may be having sleep paralysis or the classic night mareseehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/nightmare...
Could be a variety of reasons. My suggestion is to try sitting up a bit. I have gone through spells of needing to sleep in a recliner in order to feel comfortable.

Why does the skin around my knuckles keep coming off? (read details please)?

This morning a piece of skin came off and and this afternoon i took a shower and another piece came off. whats the deal?
Answer:
Well, usually, the skin coming off your knuckles is simply peeling. That usually happens if your skin is getting worn, and new skin is already formed. If that's not the case, you might need to get some hand cream (Oil based, not water) Vaseline works fine too.
walk upright.
you have dry skin and need some lotion, dude.
Do you have Psoriasis?

Why does the media blatently lie about 'AID$' figures?

The following, for example, appeared in the December 1, 1999, Washington Post: "The number of new [AIDS] cases among women, minorities, teenagers, and the elderly continues to rise." Wrong on all counts: from 1997 to 1998, teen cases fell from 401 to 297, female cases from 13,105 to 10,998, nonwhite cases from 40,027 to 31,826, and cases among those sixty-five and older from 881 to 844.This is but one of thousands of examples over the years.
Answer:
Because statistics are virtually worthless. You can find a statistic to suit every need. 75% of women die of heart disease. 60% of people die from smoking. One out of three women die from breast cancer. Lung cancer kills more Americans than anything else. AIDS is on the rise. I mean- if all of these figures are true, then everyone is dying of everything all at once! In the case of AIDS specifically, I believe that the medication and research industries are heavily funded by philanthropic donations. AIDS is almost a mass-marketed tool right now to fuel all sorts of industries. Just think of the recent GAP "Red" project. Think of how many people went in for their red slogan tee, and came out with a pair of jeans too. Lots of celebrities have chosen AIDS as their "cause" too, which is yet another reason that the media has begun following the disease even more.
well world wide the cases have definatly gone up. and in the us, how do you know ur info is correct?
I could not put it better than Mink above. I won't even try.
the definition of aids has changed... if your t-cell count has gone below 200 or if you have had an AIDS related illness. you are now diagnosed with AIDS. the CDC records this and counts you as a statistic.
two years ago i was redefined with AIDS. now my t-cells are six hundred. and my viral load is undetectable. in short i am healthier than most people with HIV. but technically i have AIDS.
and so do many very healthy people with this disease.
since the CDC has changed the definition of aids they are able to count more people as being AIDS defined and this is why the numbers have gone up.

Why does the Abbott 'HIV' test say this?

SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY"At present there is no recognised standard for establishing the presence or absence of antibodies to HIV1 and HIV2 in human blood."SEE ACTUAL LABEL AT: -http://groups.msn.com/testing-testing-te...
Answer:
Dear Actuot,The label pictured in the link provided with this question is from the 994: AxSYM HBsAg* test.I have seen it myself.I checked your links to Abbott and find you were very selective in your quotes and selected only those to your liking.No mention of this, for example."However, as for all enzyme immunoassays, AxSYM HIV Ag/Ab Combo may yield nonspecific reactions due to other causes, particularly when testing in low prevalence populations.human plasma (inactivated), is reactive for anti-HIV-1 and nonreactive for HBsAg, HIV-1 Ag, and anti-HCV. The HIV-2 Positive Control (PC2), prepared in recalcified "
also from your link"• The presence of HIV-1/HIV-2 antibodies and/or HIV p24 antigen is not a diagnosis of AIDS.(True negative specimens + False positive specimens) "
Well, I went to Abbott's website and it turns out the Axsym test is not available in the US. http://www.abbottdiagnostics.com/about_u...So I went to the UK version and looked up the label there: http://www.abbottdiagnostics.co.uk/getpd...And oddly enough, it doesn't contain that quote anywhere in it.It does say:"Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by two types of human immunodeficiency viruses, collectively designated HIV.1-7 HIV is the etiologic agent of AIDS.1,3,6,7 HIV is transmitted by sexual contact, exposure to blood or blood products, and prenatal or perinatal infection of a fetus or newborn, respectively.8 Antibodies against HIV are nearly always detected in AIDS patients and HIV infected asymptomatic individuals,8,9 and HIV nucleic acid (RNA and/or proviral DNA) is always detected in AIDS patients and seropositive individuals.8,10"Care to explain? Where exactly is that label from, and can you provide a link to the original PDF?
"bobscottreturns" - HBsAg stands for hepatitis B surface antigen.And sure, I provided the link so that nobody could read that...Of course it's not used to diagnose AIDS, it's for HIV infection. There are a lot of Q%26As on YA about the difference between the two, you could perhaps look them up.Oh, and I looked up the Axsym label for the hepatits B surface antigen and couldn't find the phrase there, either:http://www.abbottdiagnostics.com/getpdf.windy - are you suggesting that Abbott's manufacturing difficulties extend to the print on their labels?-----Please note "bobscottreturns" quote from the testing label, below. It is a truly classic example of denialist behavior. He has taken part of this paragraph:"Specimens that are initially reactive in the AxSYM HIV Ag/Ab Combo MEIA should be retested in duplicate. Repeat reactivity is highly predictive of the presence of HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 antibodies and/or HIV p24 antigen. However, as for all enzyme immunoassays, AxSYM HIV Ag/Ab Combo may yield nonspecific reactions due to other causes, particularly when testing in low prevalence populations. A repeatedly reactive specimen should be investigated further in sensitive, supplemental HIV specific tests, such as immunoblots, antigen tests, and HIV nucleic acid tests. Supplemental testing of repeat reactive specimens obtained from individuals at risk for HIV infection usually confirms the presence of HIV antibodies or HIV antigen, and HIV nucleic acid. A full differential diagnostic work-up for the diagnosis of AIDS and AIDS-related conditions includes an examination of the patient’s immune status and a clinical history."And glommed it together with some text from a different section about using positive controls:"The HIV-1 Positive Control (PC1), prepared in recalcified human plasma (inactivated), is reactive for anti-HIV-1 and nonreactive for HBsAg, HIV-1 Ag, and anti-HCV."http://www.abbottdiagnostics.co.uk/getpd..."espresso first" - those are *rapid tests,* which require confirmation. Thanks for actually posting the links though, there is informative data in them. Any idea which label the phrase in this question ("At present there is no recognised standard for establishing the presence or absence of antibodies to HIV1 and HIV2 in human blood.") comes from? Can you find that label?
With all the hoopla by test manufacturers that the tests are like 99.9 % what seems to be an easy way out for these test makers is an apparent noncommittal to what they actually purport. Words like “PRESUMED,” “SUGGESTS” and “INTENDED AS AN AID” are found right in their own LABLES as follows:Multispot Hiv-1/HIV-2 Rapid Test
12. Limitations.
10. A person who has antibodies to HIV-1 is presumed to be infected with the virus..
Bio-Rad Laboratories, Redmond, WashingtonOraQuick
Limitations.
6. A reactive result using the OraQuick Advance Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test suggests the presence of HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 Antibodies in the specimen. The OraQuick Advance Rapid HIV-1/2 Antibody Test is intended as an aid in the diagnosis of infection with HIV-1 and/or HIV-2.
OraSure Technologies, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania Seek and you shall find!

Why does snot go hard and crust on the inside of your nose ?

I'm fed up of chiselling.
Answer:
i keep on eating it so i don't give it a chance to crust up.
ewww...that sounds pretty gross
When it dries up. When u blow ur nose, just wipe along the outside of ur nostril to stop it from crusting up later.
Eww.. I dunno...
Because the air that you breathe in and out dries it up.
mine usually crusts over ,down my top lip and down my chin? looks like a slug trail?? have a nice day?
Because if you have a cold...excess mucus is made which is caused by an infection in the sinuses. And when you blow you're nose, you don't get it all out (i mean...who wipes the insides of their nose, ouch!). So the air that you breathe in dries it up.
It's just like leaving bread out on the front porch, if you don't get rid of it, the air will dry it up, so it goes crusty.
Hope this helps : )
use a drill and its bogeys your referring to

Why does sneezing feel so good?


Answer:
because it is 1/10 of an orgasm
its like an orgasm for your nose
Clears the sinuses, breathing passages.
its like ur nose reaching ecstasy.
When you sneeze, your body is clearing out whatever foreign objects that were caught in your nasel passage.
Coninuous sneezing does not feelgood to me if I am having an allergy attack but if I just sneeze because of irritation it feels good like it gets the irritation out.

Why does severe vomiting would result to Metabolic Acidosis?


Answer:
Metabolic acidosis Definition - Metabolic acidosis is a pH imbalance in which the body has accumulated too much acid and does not have enough bicarbonate to effectively neutralize the effects of the acid.Description - Metabolic acidosis, as a disruption of the body's acid/base balance, can be a mild symptom brought on by a lack of insulin, a starvation diet, or a gastrointestinal disorder like vomiting and diarrhea. Metabolic acidosis can indicate a more serious problem with a major organ like the liver, heart, or kidneys. It can also be one of the first signs of drug overdose or poisoning.Click on the link to read more about causes and treatment
Hmm I believe that severe vomiting would result to metabolic alkalosis...As we studied in Physiology, when you vomit, you release the gastric contents on your stomach. Those gastric contents are acidic, thus when you remove those contents, you make the stomach alkalotic. THe resulting metabolic alkalosis makes your respiratory system to hypoventilate to compensate for the loss of acid in your body
severe vomiting or diarrhea either one can cause an electrolyte imbalance caused buy depletion of the essential elements in the blood that are necessary to provide homeostasis and yes----that does cause metabolic acidosis----------this can become life-threatening enough to cause seizures or even death.
heart function depends on the proper amount of sodium and potassium.-----medical intervention is necessary.
It doesn't. It would result in Metabolic Alkalosis, because you rid gastric acid, so your alkaline levels would rise.